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Objetivo: comparar os efeitos da auriculoterapia e reflexoterapia podal para lombalgia aguda inespecífica em docentes e discentes universitários da área da saúde. Método: ensaio clínico, randomizado, controlado, duplo-cego, com 189 participantes distribuídos em três grupos: auriculoterapia experimental, reflexoterapia experimental e combinadas. Fora realizados 3 intervenções. Para a coleta foram utilizados: Questionário Sociodemográfico; Escala Visual e Analógica de intensidade na avaliação da dor; e Questionário para Lombalgia. Os dados foram analisados no programa IBM SPSS Statistics versão 18.0 Foram aplicados: teste de normalidade Kolmogorov-Smirnov; testes Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher para comparação entre os grupos, e Análise de variância com post hoc ou Kruskal-Wallis, conforme apropriado. Resultados: evidenciou-se redução significativa da dor nos três protocolos (p=<0,001) para o Questionário de lombalgia, mas na comparaçãoda escala da dor, houve menor eficácia no grupo combinado (p=0,006). Conclusão: Ambas as terapias são eficazes e indicadas para controle da lombalgia aguda(AU)
Objective: to compare the effects of auriculotherapy and foot reflex therapy for nonspecific acute low back pain in university professors and students in the health area. Method: clinical trial, randomized, controlled, double-blind, with 189 participants divided into three groups: experimental auriculotherapy, experimental reflex therapy and combined therapy. Three interventions were performed. For data collection, the following were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire; Visual and Analog Scale of intensity in pain assessment; and Low Back Pain Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics program, version 18.0. The following were applied: Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test; Chi-square or Fisher's Exact tests for comparison between groups, and Analysis of variance with post hoc or Kruskal-Wallis, as appropriate. Results: there was a significant reduction in pain in the three protocols (p=<0.001) for the Low Back Pain Questionnaire, but when comparing the pain scale, there was less efficacy in the combined group (p=0.006). Conclusion: Both therapies are effective and indicated for the control of acute low back pain(AU)
Objetivo: comparar los efectos de la auriculoterapia y la terapia refleja podal en el dolor lumbar agudo inespecífico en profesores y estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud. Método: ensayo clínico, aleatorizado, controlado, doble ciego, con 189 participantes divididos en tres grupos: auriculoterapia experimental, terapia refleja experimental y terapia combinada. Se realizaron tres intervenciones. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizaron: Cuestionario Sociodemográfico; Escala Visual y Analógica de intensidad en la valoración del dolor; y Cuestionario de dolor lumbar. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el programa IBM SPSS Statistics, versión 18.0, se aplicaron: prueba de normalidad de Kolmogorov-Smirnov; Pruebas Chi-cuadrado o Exacto de Fisher para comparación entre grupos, y Análisis de varianza con post hoc o Kruskal-Wallis, según corresponda. Resultados: hubo reducción significativa del dolor en los tres protocolos (p=<0,001) para el Low Back Pain Questionnaire, pero al comparar la escala de dolor, hubo menor eficacia en el grupo combinado (p=0,006). Conclusión: Ambas terapias son efectivas e indicadas para el control del dolor lumbar agudo(AU)
Subject(s)
Reflexotherapy , Student Health Services , Low Back Pain , AuriculotherapyABSTRACT
Objetivo: comparar os efeitos da auriculoterapia e reflexoterapia podal para lombalgia aguda inespecífica em docentes e discentes universitários da área da saúde. Método: ensaio clínico, randomizado, controlado, duplo-cego, com 189 participantes distribuídos em três grupos: auriculoterapia experimental, reflexoterapia experimental e combinadas. Fora realizados 3 intervenções. Para a coleta foram utilizados: Questionário Sociodemográfico; Escala Visual e Analógica de intensidade na avaliação da dor; e Questionário para Lombalgia. Os dados foram analisados no programa IBM SPSS Statistics versão 18.0 Foram aplicados: teste de normalidade Kolmogorov-Smirnov; testes Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher para comparação entre os grupos, e Análise de variância com post hoc ou Kruskal-Wallis, conforme apropriado. Resultados: evidenciou-se redução significativa da dor nos três protocolos (p=<0,001) para o Questionário de lombalgia, mas na comparaçãoda escala da dor, houve menor eficácia no grupo combinado (p=0,006). Conclusão: Ambas as terapias são eficazes e indicadas para controle da lombalgia aguda(AU)
Objective: to compare the effects of auriculotherapy and foot reflex therapy for nonspecific acute low back pain in university professors and students in the health area. Method: clinical trial, randomized, controlled, double-blind, with 189 participants divided into three groups: experimental auriculotherapy, experimental reflex therapy and combined therapy. Three interventions were performed. For data collection, the following were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire; Visual and Analog Scale of intensity in pain assessment; and Low Back Pain Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics program, version 18.0. The following were applied: Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test; Chi-square or Fisher's Exact tests for comparison between groups, and Analysis of variance with post hoc or Kruskal-Wallis, as appropriate. Results: there was a significant reduction in pain in the three protocols (p=<0.001) for the Low Back Pain Questionnaire, but when comparing the pain scale, there was less efficacy in the combined group (p=0.006). Conclusion: Both therapies are effective and indicated for the control of acute low back pain.(AU)
Objetivo: comparar los efectos de la auriculoterapia y la terapia refleja podal en el dolor lumbar agudo inespecífico en profesores y estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud. Método: ensayo clínico, aleatorizado, controlado, doble ciego, con 189 participantes divididos en tres grupos: auriculoterapia experimental, terapia refleja experimental y terapia combinada. Se realizaron tres intervenciones. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizaron: Cuestionario Sociodemográfico; Escala Visual y Analógica de intensidad en la valoración del dolor; y Cuestionario de dolor lumbar. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el programa IBM SPSS Statistics, versión 18.0, se aplicaron: prueba de normalidad de Kolmogorov-Smirnov; Pruebas Chi-cuadrado o Exacto de Fisher para comparación entre grupos, y Análisis de varianza con post hoc o Kruskal-Wallis, según corresponda. Resultados: hubo reducción significativa del dolor en los tres protocolos (p=<0,001) para el Low Back Pain Questionnaire, pero al comparar la escala de dolor, hubo menor eficacia en el grupo combinado (p=0,006). Conclusión: Ambas terapias son efectivas e indicadas para el control del dolor lumbar agudo.(AU)
Subject(s)
Reflexotherapy , Student Health Services , Low Back Pain , AuriculotherapyABSTRACT
Abstract@#In recent years, mental health problems of children and adolescents are increasingly recognised as one of the most significant public health concerns. The article briefly describes the contemporary characteristics of mental health problems in children and adolescents, and proposes the implementation of school mental health social service system, including the establishment of comprehensive school mental health social service policies, the improvement of the school mental health social service model, the construction of regional school mental health service centers, and the strengthening of school mental health service practices in order to address youth mental health needs.
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Abstract@#Flood disasters are the common public health emergencies, mainly leading to environmental damage, water pollution, food pollution, vector breeding, infectious disease epidemic and other risk factors of sanitary and anti epidemic work. The guideline has been formulated with reference to the technical documents such as Guideline for Environmental Sanitation Disposal and Preventive Disinfection in Flooded Areas and Technical Proposal for Sanitary and Anti epidemic Measures after Flood Disasters, as well as the latest research progress at home and abroad. In order to guide the sanitary and anti epidemic measures in flooded areas, protect the health and safety of students and teachers and ensure the normal educational and teaching order, the guideline introduces the key measures that should be taken by schools, teachers and students in flood striken areas.
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Objective@#To construct an evaluation index system to assess the response capacity of universities to public health emergencies, so as to provide a basis for improvements the response capacity.@*Methods@#In November 2019, in order to develop an evaluation system based on literature review and expert discussions, 15 experts were invited to conduct a subjective evaluation used hierarchical analysis. The objective evaluation was conducted in 120 universities in Jiangsu Province used the inverse entropy weighting method, and the final evaluation employed the joint subjective and objective weighting method.@*Results@#The indicator system consisted of four primary indicators, nine secondary indicators, 32 tertiary indicators and 67 quaternary indicators. The analysis of the combined weighting method showed that the primary indicators, in descending order, included incident handling capability ( 0.666 ), incident detection capability (0.203), prior preparation capability (0.101) and post event recovery capability ( 0.031 ). The top three secondary indicator weights were emergency response (0.480), monitoring and reporting (0.203) and command and coordination (0.151). The results of the evaluation of the consistency indicators showed that the expert authority coefficient was 0.909 and the Kendall s W coordination coefficient was 0.836 ( P <0.01), with all consistency scale values < 0.1.@*Conclusion@#The evaluation system is highly scientific and credible, and provides basis for evaluating the response capability of universities to public health emergencies.
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Objective@#To understand the dilemma of different participants in school psychological crisis intervention, so as to provide guidance for the implementation of comprehensive psychological crisis intervention from multiple perspectives.@*Methods@#From March 2022 to January 2023, a total of 10 psychological consultants, 10 counselors, 10 peer students, 10 parents and 10 clients were selected from a certain university using convenient sampling method was interviewed with semi structured interviews, and the transcribed data were analyzed according to grounded theory.@*Results@#The predicaments of psychological crisis intervention mainly involved three core themes: early warning, ethical dilemma and negative emotion. Early warning approaches mainly included three core themes: school, social media and other institutions, and 50 participants reported mainly on peer students in schools(18 cases) and online media in social media(18 cases). Ethical dilemmas mainly focued on the conflict between confidentiality breaches and privacy protection. The negative emotions mainly include three core themes of anxiety, fear and powerlessness, which were characterized by dispersion. The optimization expectation of psychological crisis intervention mainly consisted of two core themes: professional expectation and collaborative expectation, both of which were the common expectation of the people involved.@*Conclusion@#School psychological crisis intervention should pay attention to the establishment of crisis early warning system and dialectic between confidentiality breaches and privacy protection. Schools should prevent the dispersion of negative emotions of participants, deepen professional construction and the coordination between home and school, and implement psychological crisis intervention from a comprehensive perspective.
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Objective@#To analyze the relationship between the toilet design and sanitary condition of primary and secondary schools in Chengdu and the epidemic situation of Norovirus infection, so as to provide scientific references for school toilet design and Norovirus prevention and control.@*Methods@#A total of 78 cases of norovirus epidemics from 2019 to 2020 were included in this study. These epidemics happened in 78 schools and the causes were indicated as human-to-human transmission. The Chi square and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare categorical and continuous data respectively. Unconditional binary Logistic regression was used to examine the multivariate associations.@*Results@#Most epidemics happened from October in 2019 to March in 2020(79.49%, 62 cases), in primary schools (71.79%, 56 cases) and in the center area (52.56%, 41 cases). The median of the case number in each epidemic was 10. Overall, 56 schools (71.79%) were equipped with toilets which were flushed independently, and 22 schools (28.21%) were equipped with toilets which were flushed uniformly. There were 27 schools (34.62%) that did not have enough water taps. Logistic regression analysis found that those with toilets flushed uniformly had a stronger epidemic, compared to the schools with toilets flushed independently( OR=5.53, 95%CI=1.63-18.76, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#In order to prevent intestinal infectious diseases , it is suggested that schools should design or reconstruct independent flushing toilets with adequate faucets.
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Objective@#To understand the current situation regarding emergency visits to a university hospital in Beijing, and to provide a basis for the standardized construction and formulation of emergency visit measures to university hospitals.@*Methods@#This study carried out a retrospective investigation and analysis of 73 emergency visits from September 2020 to December 2022 at a university hospital in Beijing.@*Results@#A total of 17 cases(23.3%) exhibited the most common of symptoms associated with convulsions during emergency visits to university hospital, while nine cases of abdominal pain(12.3%) and eight cases of dizziness( 11.0 %) were recorded. The proportion of males and females who presented to the emergency department was 60.3% and 39.7%, respectively. The top three diseases among emergency department outpatients included nervous system diseases(40 cases), gynecological diseases(seven cases), depression and alcoholism(six cases). The peak number of emergency visits occurred in April, May, September and November. The most frequent emergency visits presented from 13:00 to 18:00(32.9%), followed by 7:00 to 12:00(30.1%). Following emergency care, 12 cases improved, 54 cases were transferred to higher level hospitals for treatment, 2 depressive patients were taken home, 5 cases refused referral.@*Conclusion@#University hospitals should develop emergency plans for diseases related to emergency visits, provide targeted training for doctors and health education for teachers and students, and improve the emergency treatment capabilities.
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Abstract@#The Children s Aid Society of New York has been providing free food to students at local vocational schools since 1853. It wasn t until 1975 that the school lunch program was permanently mandated by Congress. The National School Lunch Program in America has gone through a historic process from its inception and establishment to its development. The continued interest and oversight of the American people, public opinion guidance by progressive people like nutrition reformers, home economics and other are external factors in the continued development of this program. The timely enactment of the bill by the federal government and the high concern of senior leaders on this project is an important prerequisite for continued development. Integrating this program into the national agricultural development strategy and realizing the overall development philosophy is the key to the sustainability of this program. Paying attention to children s physical health is the core reason why American School Feeding Programs focus on children s diet quantity to children s nutritional quality. All of these factors contribute to the development of this project.
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Abstract@#Allergic diseases can occur in all systems of the body, covering the whole life cycle, from children to adults and to old age, can be lifelong onset and even fatal in severe cases. Children account for the largest proportion of the victims of allergic disease, Children s allergies start from scratch, ranging from mild to severe, from less to more, from single to multiple systems and systemic performance, so the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children is of great importance, which can not only prevent high risk allergic conditions from developing into allergic diseases, but also further block the process of allergy. At present, there is no consensus on the management system of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools. The "Consensus on Allergy Management and Prevention in Kindergartens and Primary Schools", which includes the organizational structure, system construction and management of allergic children, provides evidence informed recommendations for the long term comprehensive management of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools, and provides a basis for the establishment of the prevention system for allergic children.
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Com a pandemia da covid-19, o contexto universitário, que já vinha sendo palco de discussões em relação à saúde mental, tem vivenciado crises mais severas pelos estudantes. Diante deste cenário, foi desenvolvido o projeto Escuta Solidária, voltado à saúde mental dos discentes de graduação e de pós-graduação. Neste artigo, temos como objetivo discutir o atendimento psicológico online com estudantes do curso de psicologia durante o período de isolamento social rígido (maio a junho de 2020). Fizemos, com os psicólogos voluntários, um grupo focal direcionado para a experiência de atendimento psicológico online de curta duração no contexto pandêmico. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado com os 11 psicólogos clínicos participantes do referido projeto. A partir de uma análise fenomenológica crítica, os resultados foram divididos em cinco categorias: a) limitações e contribuições do projeto; b) a importância da capacitação e supervisão clínica para a qualidade do projeto; c) atendimento psicológico online; d) ser psicólogo clínico durante a crise da covid-19; e e) demandas emergentes nos atendimentos psicológicos na quarentena. Por fim, discutimos a importância da desmistificação do atendimento psicológico em situações de crise, especialmente na modalidade online, fomentando questionamentos à formação e atuação dos profissionais, no sentido de estarmos atentos às demandas psicológicas que o contexto de crise acarreta na sociedade.(AU)
With the COVID-19 pandemic, the university context, which had already been the stage for discussions regarding mental health, has experienced more severe crises by students. In view of this scenario, the Solidarity Listening project was developed, aimed at the mental health of undergraduate and graduate students. In this article, we aim to discuss online psychological care with psychology students during the period of strict social isolation (May to June 2020). We carried out, with volunteer psychologists, a focus group aimed at the experience of short-termonline psychological care in the pandemic context. This is a qualitative study, carried out with 11 clinical psychologists participating in the aforementioned project. From a critical phenomenological analysis, the results were divided into five categories: a) limitations and contributions of the project; b) the importance of training and clinical supervision for the quality of the project; c) online psychological care; d) being a clinical psychologist during the COVID-19 crisis; and e) emerging demands in psychological care in quarantine. Finally, we discuss the importance of demystifying psychological care in crisis situations, especially in the online modality, promoting questions regarding the training and performance of professionals, to be aware of the psychological demands that the context of crisis entails in society.(AU)
La pandemia del covid-19 provocó que las universidades, que ya habían sido escenario de discusiones sobre la salud mental, experimentaran crisis más severas entre los estudiantes. Ante este escenario, se desarrolló el proyecto Escucha Solidaria, dirigido a la salud mental de estudiantes de grado y posgrado. Este artículo pretende discutir la atención psicológica en línea con estudiantes de Psicología durante el período de aislamiento social más estricto (mayo/junio de 2020). Se conformó un grupo focal con los psicólogos voluntarios orientado a la práctica de la atención psicológica en línea, a corto plazo, en el contexto de una pandemia. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, realizado con 11 psicólogos clínicos que participaron en el mencionado proyecto. A partir del análisis fenomenológico crítico, los resultados se dividieron en cinco categorías: a) limitaciones y aportes del proyecto; b) importancia de la capacitación y la supervisión clínica para la calidad del proyecto; c) atención psicológica en línea; d) ser psicólogo clínico durante la crisis del covid-19; y e) demandas emergentes en atención psicológica en la cuarentena. Se concluye que es importante desmitificar la atención psicológica en situaciones de crisis, especialmente en la modalidad en línea, al promover principalmente preguntas sobre la formación y el desempeño de los profesionales con el fin de ser conscientes de las demandas psicológicas que el contexto de crisis conlleva la sociedad.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychology, Clinical , Student Health Services , Mental Health Assistance , Pandemics , Internet-Based Intervention , COVID-19 , Anxiety , Anxiety Disorders , Politics , Professional Practice Location , Psychology , Psychotherapy , Self Care , Sleep Wake Disorders , Social Change , Social Control, Formal , Social Support , Teaching , Violence , Wounds and Injuries , Shyness , Mentors , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Health Education , Panic Disorder , Pliability , Conflict, Psychological , Cultural Diversity , Life , Counseling , Crisis Intervention , Democracy , After-Hours Care , Depression , Videoconferencing , Economics , Emergencies , Emotions , Empathy , Process Optimization , Information Technology , Fear , Social Skills , Psychosocial Support Systems , Mentoring , 60452 , Psychological Distress , Health Promotion , Health Services Accessibility , Human Development , Learning , Learning Disabilities , Life Change Events , Medicine, TraditionalABSTRACT
Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on health systems. Many non-urgent visits were done virtually to limit exposure risks. Objective: Assess the impact of the pandemic on STI (sexually transmitted infections) testing in a college health setting. Material and methods: Quantitative assessment of the number of STI tests done, positive rates and percentage of "compliance to follow-up" for diagnosed STI from March to December 2020 and its comparison with historical data (2015-2019) at the University Health Services, UW-Madison. Measurement: Observed (2020) vs expected (2015-2019) number of STI tests, positive rates and compliance to follow-up testing for STIs. Results: The 2020 period showed a significant decrease in the number of tests done and an increase of positive rate when compared to historical data for total sample and per sex. There was a decrease in the percentage of follow-up for the entire sample and for females and an increase for males. Conclusions: In accordance with national data, our analysis shows significant declines in STI testing and follow-up during 2020 compared to previous years and an increase in positivity rate. A higher positivity with lower number of tests is likely due to triaging patients, facilitating testing for those at highest risk.
Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un gran impacto en los sistemas de salud. Muchas citas no urgentes se hicieron virtualmente para limitar riesgos de exposición. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la pandemia en las pruebas para infecciones de transmisión sexual en servicios de salud universitarios. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo del número de pruebas de infecciones de transmisión sexual realizadas, tasas de positividad y porcentaje de "cumplimiento de seguimiento" en el diagnóstico, desde marzo a diciembre del 2020 y su comparación con datos históricos (2015-2019) en los Servicios de Salud de UW-Madison. Resultados: Se encontró una reducción significativa en el número de pruebas realizadas y aumento de la tasa positiva, comparado con datos históricos para la muestra total y por sexo. Hubo disminución en el porcentaje de seguimiento para toda la muestra y para mujeres, y un incremento para hombres. Conclusiones: El análisis muestra reducciones significativas en pruebas para infecciones de transmisión sexual y seguimiento durante 2020, comparado con años anteriores y un incremento en la tasa de positividad. El hallazgo de una mayor positividad con un bajo número de pruebas se debe probablemente a la clasificación de los pacientes, facilitando así pruebas en aquellos con mayor riesgo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Disease , Health Services , Patients , Sex , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , DiagnosisABSTRACT
Background: The initial years of a medical student抯 life can be challenging. Coping mechanisms with internet technology can have adverse health effects. This study assessed the depression, internet addiction and nutritional status among junior medical students. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among first and third semester medical students of a new central institute in South India. Depression and internet addiction were assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Young抯 Internet Addiction Test, respectively. Mann Whitney U test, Pearson抯 Chi-squared/Fishers Exact tests and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were applied. Results: A total of 97 medical students were studied. This comprised 60 male and 37 female students. Mean(SD) age was 19.3 (1.87) years. Most (68%) students were from rural backgrounds. Depression was higher among first semester students (p=0.017), whereas internet addiction was higher among third semester students (p=0.002). Prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were 7.2%, 18.6% and 35%, respectively. Correlates of internet addiction were previous hostel stay (p=0.047), nutritional status (p=0.043) and social media use (p<0.000). SEM explained the relationship of semester, depression and duration of smart phone usage with internet addiction. Conclusion: Depression and internet addiction was higher among first semester and third semester students, respectively. Nutritional problems were prevalent across semesters.
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RESUMEN Objetivo. Contextualizar una síntesis de evidencia sobre intervenciones en salud mental estudiantil durante la pandemia de la enfermedad por el coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19, por su sigla en inglés) por medio de un diálogo deliberativo con universidades iberoamericanas. Métodos. Se realizó previamente una síntesis de evidencia y un diálogo sincrónico, que consistió en la discusión en subgrupos acerca del diseño y aplicación de las intervenciones en salud mental. Se realizó un análisis de datos dialógicos y se sintetizó por temas. Resultados. Cincuenta y siete miembros de 17 universidades iberoamericanas públicas y privadas participaron en el encuentro. En el diseño de las intervenciones, se percibe la salud mental como desatendida, y visibilizada con la pandemia. La detección de necesidades es la que orienta las intervenciones y rara vez se utiliza evidencia científica para diseñarlas. Se considera importante conformar un equipo interdisciplinario con capacitación continua para diseñar un programa específico, que cubra también familias y personal docente y administrativo. En la aplicación, existen problemas como la saturación de los servicios por la alta demanda y la falta de recursos básicos de los estudiantes. Es innegable la influencia del contexto macro e institucional por la disposición de recursos. El diálogo fue percibido como oportunidad para construir un consolidado nuevo de intervenciones. Conclusiones. Este diálogo permitió enriquecer la descripción de intervenciones en salud mental estudiantil durante la pandemia de COVID-19 ya descritas en la literatura, aunque llevarlas a la práctica en nuestro contexto supone hacer frente a la deuda por la desatención previa y las altas necesidades básicas insatisfechas.
ABSTRACT Objective. To contextualize a synthesis of evidence on interventions in student mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic through a deliberative dialogue with Ibero-American universities. Methods. An evidence synthesis and synchronous dialogues were previously conducted, consisting of subgroup discussions about the design and implementation of mental health interventions. An analysis of dialogic data was conducted, then organized by topic. Results. Fifty-seven representatives of 17 public and private Ibero-American universities participated in the meeting. In terms of the design of interventions, mental health is perceived as neglected, although its profile was raised by the pandemic. Interventions are guided by detection of needs; scientific evidence is rarely used to design them. Importance was given to forming an interdisciplinary team with continuous training in order to design a specific program that also covers families and teaching/administrative staff. In terms of implementation, problems include saturation of services due to high demand and lack of basic resources among students. Regarding the provision of resources, the influence of the broader context, including the institutional context, is undeniable. The dialogues were perceived as an opportunity to build a new set of interventions. Conclusions. These dialogues enriched the description of interventions already described in the literature on student mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, implementing such interventions in the region means addressing previous neglect and a high level of unmet basic needs.
RESUMO Objetivo. Contextualizar uma síntese de evidências sobre intervenções em saúde mental de estudantes universitários na pandemia de COVID-19, por meio do diálogo deliberativo com universidades ibero-americanas. Métodos. A partir de uma síntese de evidências previamente elaborada, o diálogo síncrono foi conduzido por meio de discussões em subgrupos sobre o planejamento e a implementação de intervenções em saúde mental. Os dados obtidos foram analisados e resumidos por área temática. Resultados. Cinquenta e sete integrantes de 17 universidades ibero-americanas públicas e privadas participaram do encontro. Os participantes indicaram que a saúde mental é negligenciada no planejamento das intervenções, mas ganhou visibilidade na pandemia. As intervenções são direcionadas às necessidades identificadas e raramente planejadas com base em evidências científicas. Disseram considerar importante formar uma equipe interdisciplinar com capacitação contínua para planejar um programa específico que englobe também familiares e o corpo docente e administrativo. Implementar intervenções é complicado porque os serviços estão sobrecarregados devido à grande demanda e à falta de recursos básicos para os estudantes. O contexto macro e institucional claramente influencia a disponibilização de recursos. O diálogo foi visto como uma oportunidade para consolidar um novo conjunto de intervenções. Conclusões. O presente diálogo contribuiu para enriquecer a literatura de intervenções de saúde mental para estudantes universitários na pandemia de COVID-19. Implementar intervenções no nosso contexto requer sanar as falhas por negligência passada e as enormes necessidades básicas não atendidas.
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Objective@#To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases at schools in Beijing from 2010 to 2020, providing evidence for the prevention and control strategies in school infectious diseases.@*Methods@#Information on public health emergencies was collected from Public Health Emergency Reporting System (the subsystem of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System) reported from 2010 to 2020.@*Results@#A total of 146 public health emergencies and 138 public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools were reported in Beijing from 2010 to 2020, including 4 291 cases with the rate of 2.32% and affected or exposed 185 179 cases. There were significant difference in mean annual incidence rates( χ 2=782.46, P <0.01). There were 71 events of respiratory infectious diseases and 66 events of intestinal infectious diseases, accounting for 51.45% and 47.83%, respectively. The annual incidence peaks of public health emergencies of infectious diseases were during March-June and October-December. The events mainly occurred in kindergartens and primary schools among each stage of school periods with 51 and 46 incidences respectively, which accounted for 70.29% of the total number of public health emergencies in schools. The leading infectious diseases among all the reported events in kindergartens and primary schools were hand foot mouth disease and varicella. Varicella and other infectious diarrhoeal diseases were at the top lists of infectious disease outbreaks at the secondary and university stages.@*Conclusion@#Infectious diseases events were the major type of public health emergencies at schools in Beijing from 2010 to 2020. Respiratory infectious diseases and intestinal infectious diseases were the keys to the prevention and control of public health emergencies related to school. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance for public health emergencies especially for symptom surveillance. The prevention and control measures should be taken according to the characteristics of different age groups. At the same time, the prevention and control of school infectious diseases and the drill of the plan during peak periods need to be particularly strengthened.
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Objective@#To learn about the construction and staffing of the school health system in Chinese institutions for disease prevention and control, and to provide basic information for the school health system, team capacity building and work development.@*Methods@#Electronic questionnaire was used to collect the setting and staffing of school health departments (including school health centers and departments/rooms) at the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels in the centers for disease control and prevention. Statistical analysis was made on the proportion of school health, the number of staff and the characteristics such as age, education, major and working years in the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels.@*Results@#Among the 3 313 institutions, the proportion of independent school health departments was 10.8%, and those of the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels were 74.2%, 15.0%, and 9.6%, respectively. Among the institutions with separated department, the average number of staff members was 4.4, while the number of staff was 2.5. The average age of school health workers was 40.4 years old, and the proportion of male and female employees was 45.2% and 54.8%. The proportion of personnel who have been engaged in school health work for less than 5 years on average was as high as 65.1%. The majors of the staff were mainly public health ( 40.4 %), 54.0% of the provincial staff had a master s degree or above, and 47.8% and 58.7% of the staff at the prefecture and county (district) levels were junior college or below respectively.The proportion of provincial level personnel with intermediate and senior titles was 69.6%, and the proportion of municipal and countylevel personnel at the junior level and below was 52.2% and 56.2% respectively.@*Conclusion@#The proportion of independent school health departments within centers of disease control and prevention across China was low. There is a serious shortage of school health personnel, and there are problems such as low levels of education and professional titles, especially in county (district) level institutions. It is urgent to strengthen the construction of the school health system of the centers for disease control and prevention in China.
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Objective@#To learn about the construction and staffing of the school health system in Chinese institutions for disease prevention and control, and to provide basic information for the school health system, team capacity building and work development.@*Methods@#Electronic questionnaire was used to collect the setting and staffing of school health departments (including school health centers and departments/rooms) at the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels in the centers for disease control and prevention. Statistical analysis was made on the proportion of school health, the number of staff and the characteristics such as age, education, major and working years in the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels.@*Results@#Among the 3 313 institutions, the proportion of independent school health departments was 10.8%, and those of the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels were 74.2%, 15.0%, and 9.6%, respectively. Among the institutions with separated department, the average number of staff members was 4.4, while the number of staff was 2.5. The average age of school health workers was 40.4 years old, and the proportion of male and female employees was 45.2% and 54.8%. The proportion of personnel who have been engaged in school health work for less than 5 years on average was as high as 65.1%. The majors of the staff were mainly public health ( 40.4 %), 54.0% of the provincial staff had a master s degree or above, and 47.8% and 58.7% of the staff at the prefecture and county (district) levels were junior college or below respectively.The proportion of provincial level personnel with intermediate and senior titles was 69.6%, and the proportion of municipal and countylevel personnel at the junior level and below was 52.2% and 56.2% respectively.@*Conclusion@#The proportion of independent school health departments within centers of disease control and prevention across China was low. There is a serious shortage of school health personnel, and there are problems such as low levels of education and professional titles, especially in county (district) level institutions. It is urgent to strengthen the construction of the school health system of the centers for disease control and prevention in China.
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Objective@#To understand the current situation and demand school health education in five areas across China, and to provide theoretical support for further revision and improvement on school health education.@*Methods@#Stratified multi stage cluster sampling was adopted. A total of 4 052 students were selected from five areas across China [Urumqi( n =1 295), Haikou City( n =448), Shijiazhuang City( n =788), Chengdu City( n =728), Suzhou City( n =793)]. Online questionnaire survey was conducted by questionnair star.@*Results@#About 89.98% of the students used the use of uniform teaching materials, and 63.50% attended the health education classes once a week. The main sources of health knowledge, the use of uniform teaching materials, class schedule and the difference of teachers in different regions and periods were statistically significant ( χ 2=54.98, 40.97, 590.08, 1 061.12；50.70, 47.68 , 356.09, 193.30, P <0.05). The main source of health knowledge was from school/teachers(92.47%). Most health education teachers were classroom teachers(30.03%). Content of health education that students were interested in varied by gender and grade ( χ 2=20.91, 35.90, P <0.05), but not by area ( P >0.05). Demand for health knowledge of students varied by area and grade ( χ 2=177.29, 32.37, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The status quo of health education in schools is good. Further attention should be paid to cultivate high quality health education teachers and provide targeted health education activities according to students demand, and ultimately improving health literacy among students.
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Abstract@#Comprehensive sexuality education is an important part of quality education, primary and secondary schools are the most suitable places for sex education. This paper sorts out the current status of sexuality education for primary and secondary school students in developed countries after presenting the overall significance of school based sexuality education, and further points out the problems and urgency of sexuality education for primary and secondary school students in China. It also put forward the way to new directions for advocacy, including the comphrehensive sexuality education curriculum system, training of sexuality education teachers, the positive and active role of families, as well as social and community support for sexuality education in schools.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to map in the literature the universities' health promotion actions and strategies in the context of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Method: a Scoping Review, based on the procedures recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Based on these perspectives, the following guiding question was established: which health promotion actions and strategies were implemented in universities with the internal community and its surroundings in the COVID-19 pandemic? The searches were carried out in March 2021 in the databases of public, restricted and gray literature information portals. Results: a total of 38 studies were selected and three categories were elaborated based on them, namely: 1) Actions and strategies for coping with COVID-19 in universities; 2) Inclusive and Social protection actions and strategies for groups vulnerable to COVID-19 in universities; and 3) Health and Well-being Education actions and strategies in the face of COVID-19 in universities. Conclusions: the study evidenced that health promotion actions and strategies in universities become a reality when the proposals find institutional support, inter- and transdisciplinary mobilization and integration with governmental sectors and private initiative, in addition to engagement of the academic population. Several actions were observed in different scenarios, showing social commitment and a critical stance in the face of COVID-19, aiming at a fairer and more sustainable society through knowledge.
RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear en la literatura las acciones y estrategias de promoción de la salud de universidades en el contexto de la pandemia del nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19). Método: revisión de alcance, basada en procedimientos recomendados por el Instituto Joanna Briggs. A partir de estas perspectivas se estableció la pregunta orientadora: ¿Qué acciones y estrategias de promoción de la salud se realizaron en las universidades con la comunidad interna y su entorno durante la pandemia de COVID-19? Las búsquedas se realizaron en marzo de 2021 en las bases de datos de los portales de información públicos, restringidos y de literatura gris. Resultados: se seleccionaron 38 estudios y en base a estas tres categorías se construyeron: 1) Acciones y estrategias para afrontar el COVID-19 en las universidades; 2) Acciones y estrategias inclusivas y de protección social para grupos vulnerables al COVID-19 en las universidades; y 3) Acciones y estrategias de Educación para la Salud y el Bienestar frente al COVID-19 en las universidades. Conclusiones: el estudio mostró que las acciones y estrategias de promoción de la salud en las Universidades suceden cuando la propuesta encuentra apoyo institucional, movilización inter y transdisciplinaria, integración con los sectores gubernamentales e iniciativa privada, además del compromiso de la población académica. Se observaron diversas acciones en diferentes escenarios, en los que se demostró compromiso social y posicionamiento crítico frente al COVID-19, con miras a una sociedad más justa y sostenible a través del conocimiento.
RESUMO Objetivo: mapear na literatura as ações e estratégias de promoção da saúde das universidades no contexto da pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19). Metodo: Scoping Review, baseado nos procedimentos recomendados pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs. Com base nestas perspectivas, ficou estabelecida a pergunta norteadora: quais ações e estratégias de promoção da saúde foram realizadas em universidades com a comunidade interna e seu entorno na pandemia do COVID-19? As buscas foram realizadas em março de 2021 nas bases de dados de portais de informação públicos, restritos e de literatura cinzenta. Resultados: foram selecionados 38 estudos e com base nesses foram construídas três categorias: 1) Ações e estratégias de enfrentamento do COVID-19 nas universidades 2) Ações e estratégias inclusivas e de Proteção social a grupos vulneráveis ao COVID-19 nas universidades 3) Ações e estratégias de Educação em saúde e bem-estar em face do COVID-19 nas universidades. Conclusões: o estudo evidenciou que ações e estratégias de promoção da saúde nas Universidades acontecem quando a proposta encontra apoio institucional, mobilização inter e transdisciplinar, integração com setores governamentais e iniciativa privada, além do engajamento da população acadêmica. Observaram-se diversas ações em diferentes cenários, demonstrando comprometimento social e posicionamento crítico em face do COVID-19, visando uma sociedade mais justa e sustentável pela via do conhecimento.